短芽胞杆菌对香蕉采后炭疽病的防治

Control of banana postharvest anthracnose by Brevibacillus sp. strains

摘要:

【背景】香蕉炭疽病是香蕉贮运过程中常见的病害，危害严重。【目的】评价短芽胞杆菌菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657的抗菌活性，并进行菌株鉴定。【方法】采用抑菌圈法和菌丝生长速率法对菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657的拮抗活性进行测定，采用香蕉果实回接法测定这2株菌对香蕉采后炭疽病病原菌的抗菌活性；根据菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657的形态观察、特异性鉴定和16S rRNA基因序列进行种属鉴定。【结果】菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657发酵上清液对香蕉炭疽病病原菌菌丝生长具有抑制作用，抑菌圈直径分别达到15.30 mm和15.35 mm。随着菌株培养时间的延长，菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657发酵上清液抑菌效果也逐渐增强，培养72 h时，抑菌圈直径分别增大至17.37 mm和20.96 mm。不同添加量发酵上清液对香蕉炭疽病病原菌生长均具有一定的抑制作用。当培养基中添加50 mL菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657的发酵上清液时，其抑菌率可分别达到83.90%和85.84%。接种炭疽病病原菌4 d后，防治效果分别为67.88%和54.55%，处理后香蕉果皮β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均明显高于对照。对菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657进行形态学观察、特异性鉴定和16S rRNA基因种属鉴定的结果表明，这2株菌分别被鉴定为短短芽胞杆菌(Brevibacillus brevis)和人参土壤短芽胞杆菌(Brevibacillus panacihumi)。【结论】菌株FJAT-17214和FJAT-10657对香蕉采后炭疽病具有较好的防治效果，可作为采后病害防治微生物的材料。

Abstract:

[Background] Banana anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae is the main postharvest disease and causes significant economic losses. [Objective] Antifungal activities of Brevibacillus sp. strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 were evaluated. The strains were identified in further. [Methods] The antifungal activities of Brevibacillus sp. strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 were evaluated using the methods of the inhibitory zone test and mycelium growth rate. Strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 were identified based on morphology, specific PCR detection and 16S rRNA gene sequence. [Results] Strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 had antagonistic activities against C. musae. The antagonistic activities of fermentation broth of these two strains increased with the extending of incubation time. The inhibition rates of C. musae by strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 reached to 83.90% and 85.84%, respectively, when 50 mL of fermentation supernatant was added to the medium. The inoculating experiments on banana showed that strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 could effectively inhibit the spread of C. musae, with the inhibition rates of 67.88% and 54.55%, respectively. In addition, the β-1,3-glucanase activities in the strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 treated banana fruits were significantly higher than that of the control. On the basis of the morphological features, specific detect and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 were separately identified as Brevibacillus brevis and Brevibacillus panacihumi. [Conclusion] Strains FJAT-17214 and FJAT-10657 have strong control effects on banana postharvest anthracnose. It could be used as the biocontrol agents for banana postharvest storage.