莱茵衣藻中脂质代谢过程研究进展

Advances on lipid metabolism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

摘要:

微藻中脂质代谢产生的化合物，可用于生物燃料、营养品和生物药品的生产，因此具有重要的经济价值。脂质代谢贯穿微藻的全部生命过程，对微藻的生长发育和应对外界胁迫都具有重要意义。微藻与研究较清楚的真菌和陆地植物在脂质代谢过程方面具有相似性。当然，随着微藻脂质代谢相关功能基因逐渐被鉴定，人们发现微藻的脂质代谢也具有区别真菌和陆地植物的独特性，因此针对微藻脂质代谢过程的分析具有重要意义。莱茵衣藻是研究脂质代谢过程的模式生物，已经通过基因组、转录组、蛋白质组和代谢组等方法，对其质体、内质网和过氧化物酶体中进行的脂质合成和分解过程进行了研究。本文总结了近年来莱茵衣藻质体、内质网和过氧化物酶体中脂质代谢过程的研究成果，并进行综合阐述。

Abstract:

The compounds derive from lipid metabolism in microalgae have important economic value, which can be used for the production of biofuels, nutraceuticals and green chemicals. Lipid metabolism processes are important in growth and development of microalgae and the response to stress. There are many similarities among microalgae, fungi and land plants in terms of lipid metabolism. With the recent advances in identification of functional genes related to lipid metabolism in microalgae, it has been found that lipid metabolism in microalgae have uncovered unique features, pointing out the necessity to analyze lipid metabolism in microalgae themselves. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism to study lipid metabolism. Methods such as genom, transcriptom, proteom and metabolom are used to analyze lipid synthesis and lipid degradation processes in plastid, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisome. In this review, the authors summarized the recent research progress of lipid metabolism occurs in plastid, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisome in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.