黑曲霉ZJ-17与覆膜联用对川白芷促生和改进品质的研究

Aspergillus niger ZJ-17 combined with film mulching promotes the growth and improves the quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana

摘要:

【背景】川白芷为著名川产地道地中药材，目前生产中存在盲目施肥、冬旱和春旱等问题。【目的】推动白芷绿色优质栽培模式，实现化肥减施增效和农业绿色发展。【方法】将从川白芷根际土壤分离筛选出的根际促生真菌黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger) ZJ-17制成微生物菌剂与覆膜联用，通过随机区组试验探究不同施肥水平下黑曲霉ZJ-17与覆膜联用对川白芷生长、产量、品质，以及植株和土壤养分的影响。【结果】在60%、80%和100%施肥水平下黑曲霉ZJ-17与覆膜联用均能不同程度促进川白芷生长发育，其中60%有机肥和化肥水平下黑曲霉ZJ-17菌剂+覆膜处理(L12)的川白芷株高、根长和根直径较仅施60%肥料对照处理(L9)分别显著提高30.39%、19.10%和23.00%，该施肥水平下仅施加菌剂处理(L10)和仅覆膜处理(L11)的川白芷根直径也明显提高；80%肥料条件下黑曲霉ZJ-17菌剂+覆膜处理(L8)的株高和根长较其对照处理(L5)分别显著提高35.47%和29.62%；100%施肥水平下菌剂+覆膜处理(L4)与仅100%施肥对照(L1)相比，仅根长显著提高。此外，L12处理土壤的有效磷、有效钾含量较L9对照处理也显著提高64.76%和28.06%，并能促进有机质分解利用，提高植株养分含量；L12和L8处理还能明显提高川白芷品质，其中7种香豆素总含量以L12处理最佳，该处理下川白芷产量和经济效益均最优，可分别达26 476 kg/hm²和 178 407 CNY/hm²。【结论】60%有机肥和化肥水平下黑曲霉ZJ-17菌剂+覆膜处理(L12)的川白芷能达到高产、质优效果，推荐在实际生产中使用。

Abstract:

[Background] Angelica dahurica var. formosana is a famous local Chinese medicinal herb in Sichuan. The current cultivation of this herb has problems such as blind fertilization, winter drought, and spring drought. [Objective] To promote the green cultivation model for high-quality A. dahurica var. formosana and achieve the reduction of chemical fertilizer and the green development of agriculture. [Methods] Aspergillus niger ZJ-17, a plant growth-promoting fungus isolated and screened from the rhizosphere soil of A. dahurica var. formosana, was prepared into a microbial agent, which was used in combination with mulching film. A randomized block design was adopted to study the effects of A. niger ZJ-17 combined with mulching film on the growth, yield, quality, plant traits, and soil nutrients of A. dahurica var. formosana under different fertilizer levels. [Results] The combination of A. niger ZJ-17 and mulching film at the fertilizer levels of 60%, 80%, and 100% promoted the growth and development of A. dahurica var. formosana to different degrees. The plant height, root length, and root diameter of A. dahurica var. formosana treated with 60% organic and chemical fertilizer+A. niger ZJ-17+mulching film (L12) increased by 30.39%, 19.10%, and 23.00%, respectively, compared with those in the treatment with 60% fertilizer only (L9). Under the fertilizer level of 60%, the root diameter of A. dahurica var. formosana treated with A. niger ZJ-17 only (L10) and mulching film only (L11) were also significantly increased. The plant height and root length of A. dahurica var. formosana treated with 80% fertilizer+A. niger ZJ-17+mulching film (L8) increased by 35.47% and 29.62%, respectively, compared with those of the treatment with 80% fertilizer only (L5). The treatment of 100% fertilizer+A. niger ZJ-17+mulching film (L4) showed a significant increase in root length compared with the treatment with only 100% fertilizer (L1). In addition, the L12 treatment increased the available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil by 64.76% and 28.06%, respectively, compared with the L9 treatment, while promoting the decomposition and utilization of organic matter to increase the nutrient content of plants. Moreover, L12 and L8 treatments improved the quality of A. dahurica var. formosana, and the total content of 7 coumarins was the highest in the L12 treatment. The yield and economic benefits of A. dahurica var. formosana in the L12 treatment were the highest, reaching 26 476 kg/hm² and 178 407 CNY/hm², respectively. [Conclusion] The combination of 60% organic and chemical fertilizer+A. niger ZJ-17+mulching film (L12) can achieve a high yield and high quality of A. dahurica var. formosana, being recommended to be used in production.