不同生境羊肚菌菌塘理化性质及微生物群落分析

Physicochemical properties and microbial communities of soil growing Morchella in different habitats

摘要:

【背景】 羊肚菌商业化栽培成功以来，土壤及连作产生的土壤生态问题已经成为羊肚菌可持续发展的障碍。【目的】 为栽培羊肚菌土壤改良与生态修复提供借鉴。【方法】 在收获期对北京地区野生羊肚菌和栽培羊肚菌不同产量区菌塘土壤取样，进行理化和微生物分析。【结果】 野生羊肚菌菌塘的含氮量、碱性和中性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性均高于栽培区土壤。羊肚菌根际土壤中细菌相对丰度明显高于真菌，野生菌菌塘的物种丰富度和相互联系远大于栽培土壤。在细菌门水平，放线菌门(Actinomycetota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)占比为80%以上，栽培羊肚菌有更多的厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)，低产区最高达28.91%。真菌门水平子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)占比达90%及以上。栽培低产区优势属为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、被孢霉属(Mortierella)，高产区有较多的腐质霉属(Humicola)和曲霉属(Aspergillus)。产量、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶等与多个细菌和真菌呈显著正相关。【结论】 丰富的有机质和微生物群落有助于羊肚菌的产量增加、生态修复和可持续发展。

Abstract:

[Background] Since Morchella was successfully cultivated for commercial purposes, soil and soil problems caused by continuous cultivation have become obstacles in the sustainable development of Morchella. [Objective] To offer a reference point for soil improvement and ecological restoration in the cultivation of Morchella. [Methods] During the harvest stage, soil samples were collected from both wild habits of Morchella and the cultivation regions of Morchella with different yields. The physicochemical properties and microbial communities of these samples were then analyzed. [Results] The content of nitrogen and activities of alkaline and neutral phosphatase, catalase, and urease in the soil samples from wild habitats were all higher than those from cultivation areas. The relative abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of Morchella was significantly higher than that of fungi. The richness and interrelations of microorganisms in the soil samples from wild habitats were much higher than those from cultivation areas. At the bacterial phylum level, Actinomycetota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota accounted for more than 80%. The soil samples from cultivation areas of Morchella had higher abundance of Firmicutes than those from wild habitats, which reached up to 28.91% in low-yield areas. At the fungal phylum level, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota accounted for 90% or more. The dominant genera were Bacillus and Mortierella in the low-yield areas and Humicola and Aspergillus in high-yield areas. Moreover, the yield, alkaline phosphatase, urease, and catalase showed significantly positive correlations with several bacterial and fungal genera. [Conclusion] Abundant organic matter and microbial communities are conducive to the yield improvement, ecological restoration, and sustainable development of Morchella.