吉林省寒葱岭红叶谷大型真菌的物种资源及演替规律

Species resources and succession patterns of macrofungi in the Red Leaf Valley of Hancongling, Jilin Province

摘要:

背景 得益于多样的生态环境和适宜的自然条件，东北地区成为大型真菌资源最为丰富的区域之一。然而，该区域部分地区的大型真菌多样性和资源状况仍存在明显知识空缺，尤其缺乏系统性和连续性的调查研究。目的 旨在调查中国吉林省寒葱岭红叶谷的大型真菌物种多样性及其季节演替规律，为该地区真菌资源的保护与可持续利用提供科学依据。方法 2019年至2021年间，每年7月至9月采用样方法和随机踏查法开展系统性野外调查，依据形态学特征和nrDNA分子数据进行大型真菌的鉴定。结果 共采集大型真菌标本1 394份，鉴定出787种，隶属于2门6纲22目79科210属。食用菌107种，药用菌99种，有毒菌71种，其中有80种兼具食药用或毒性属性。根据Chao1指数估算，该地区的大型真菌物种总数超过2 113种。蘑菇科(Agaricaceae)、小菇属(Mycena)和卷边桩菇(Paxillus involutus)分别为最具优势的科属种。时间动态显示，木腐菌的出现时间早于土壤真菌(菌根真菌和土壤腐生菌)，这种差异可能与基质可用性的季节性变化密切相关。食用菌和药用菌主要集中在木腐菌类群，而有毒菌则在不同生态功能类型中分布较为均匀。群落分析结果显示，多样化的植被类型可能更有利于大型真菌子实体的发生。结论 本研究揭示了寒葱岭红叶谷大型真菌物种的高度多样性及明显的季节演替规律，并提出了一种新的大型真菌优势类群评价方法。研究结果为地区真菌保护和可持续利用策略的制定提供了有价值的科学参考。

Abstract:

Background Benefiting from its diverse ecological environments and favorable natural conditions, Northeast China has become one of the regions richest in macrofungal resources. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the diversity and resource status of macrofungi in certain areas of this region, particularly due to the lack of systematic and long-term investigations.Objective To investigate the species diversity and seasonal succession patterns of macrofungi in the Red Leaf Valley of Hancongling, Jilin Province, China and to establish a scientific basis for the conservation and sustainable use of fungal resources in the region.Methods From 2019 to 2021, systematic field surveys were conducted annually from july to september using quadrat and random sampling methods. Macrofungal specimens were identified based on morphological characteristics and nrDNA sequence data.Results A total of 1 394 macrofungal specimens were collected, and 787 species were identified, belonging to 2 phyla, 6 classes, 22 orders, 79 families, and 210 genera. These included 107 edible species, 99 medicinal species, and 71 toxic species, with 80 species exhibiting overlapping attributes. According to the Chao1 index, it was estimated that there were over 2 113 species of macrofungi in this region. Agaricaceae, Mycena, and Paxillus involutus were identified as the most dominant family, genus, and species, respectively. Temporal dynamics showed that wood-decaying fungi appeared earlier than soil fungi (ectomycorrhizal and soil saprotrophic fungi), a pattern that may be closely related to the seasonal variation in substrate availability. Edible and medicinal fungi were primarily associated with wood-decaying ecological types, whereas toxic fungi were more evenly distributed across different functional groups. The community analysis results suggested that diverse vegetation types might be more favorable for the formation of macrofungal fruiting bodies.Conclusion This study highlighted the high species diversity and distinct seasonal succession patterns of macrofungi in the Red Leaf Valley of Hancongling, and proposed a new method for evaluating dominant macrofungal taxa. The findings provide a valuable scientific reference for regional fungal conservation and the development of sustainable utilization strategies.