人兽共患细菌病的流行现状及其病原耐药性的应对策略

Epidemic situation of zoonotic bacterial diseases and strategies for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria

摘要:

人兽共患病是由同一病原引起、在人和脊椎动物之间自然传播的疾病，已成为全球共同面临并亟待解决的重大问题。当前人兽共患传染病在人类新发和现有传染病中占比达60%，其中布鲁氏菌(Brucella)、牛分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium bovis)、炭疽芽胞杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、猪链球菌2型(Streptococcus suis serotype 2, SS2)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)及肺炎克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae, KP)等引起的人兽共患细菌病严重威胁畜牧业健康发展、公共卫生安全和国家生物安全，其防控形势日益严峻。本文就上述6种重要人兽共患细菌病的流行现状及其相关耐药机制和抗菌新策略进行综述，为科学防控人兽共患细菌病提供参考。

Abstract:

Zoonotic diseases, caused by the same pathogen and naturally transmitted between humans and vertebrate animals, have become a major global issue that urgently needs to be addressed. Currently, zoonotic diseases account for 60% of globally emerging and existing infectious diseases. The zoonotic diseases caused by Brucella, Mycobacterium bovis, Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus suis serotype 2, Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae pose serious threats to the healthy development of animal husbandry, public health, and national biosafety. The situation for prevention and management of these diseases is getting increasingly severe. This article reviews the current prevalence of zoonotic bacterial diseases caused by the six pathogens mentioned above, as well as their antibiotic resistance mechanisms and novel antibacterial strategies, serving as a reference for the prevention and control of these diseases.