运动细菌的趋化性及其对微生物群落的影响

Chemotaxis of motile bacteria and its impact on microbial communities

摘要:

细菌趋化性是指利用自身的运动能力对环境中化学物质浓度梯度产生响应，使其由随机运动转变为具有偏向性的运动，是细菌适应环境的一种基本属性。了解细菌趋化性及其与环境和微生物体系的相互作用机制，对于阐明它们在调节微生物群落结构、降解污染物和参与生态圈物质循环等方面的作用和影响具有重要意义。本文概述了细菌的常见运动方式、趋化模式和相关信号传导机制；分析探讨了研究细菌趋化性的常见方法及影响细菌趋化性的物理、化学和生物因素；系统阐述了运动细菌的趋化性对微生物群落形成和结构的影响，为研究运动细菌在共生体系或食品发酵过程影响微生物群落结构、菌间互作和物质代谢等方面提供了理论参考。

Abstract:

Bacterial chemotaxis is a fundamental property of bacteria to adapt to the environment. Bacteria respond to the concentration gradient of chemical substances in the environment by switching from random motion to biased motion. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial chemotaxis and interactions in the environment and system is of great significance to clarify the roles and effects of bacterial chemotaxis in regulating microbial community structure, degrading pollutants, and participating in the material cycle of the ecosystem. This review summarizes the common patterns of motility, patterns of chemotaxis, and related signal transduction mechanisms in bacteria. Then, this paper expounds the common methods for studying bacterial chemotaxis and the physical, chemical, and biological factors affecting bacterial chemotaxis. Furthermore, this paper elaborates on the effects of chemotaxis of motile bacteria on the formation and structure of microbial communities. This review is expected to provide theoretical reference for studying the effects of motile bacteria on microbial community structure, bacterial interactions, and substance metabolism in the symbiotic system or food fermentation process.