真黏菌营养体培养研究概述

Culture of Myxogastria: a review

摘要:

真黏菌是一类在陆地生态系统中广泛分布的真核生物。真黏菌生活史中的营养体包括单核的黏变形体(myxamoeba)和多核的原生质团(plasmodium)。真黏菌营养生长阶段的培养是开展此类生物的遗传学、细胞学、生物化学、营养方式等研究的基础。本文回顾了真黏菌黏变形体纯培养及原生质团从粗培养(crude culture)到饲喂培养(two-membered culture)并最终实现纯培养(axenic culture)的研究历史，统计了已实现黏变形体和原生质团纯培养的物种，以及在纯培养条件下完成生活史的物种，总结了获得真黏菌营养体纯培养的方法及判断纯培养物的标准，为开展与真黏菌营养体纯培养相关的遗传学、细胞学、生物化学研究提供了参考。

Abstract:

Myxogastria are a group of amoeboid eukaryotes that are widely distributed in terrestrial ecosystems. The polynuclear plasmodium and uninuclear myxamoeba are the two assimilative stages in the life cycle of Myxogastria. The culture of plasmodia and myxamoebae is the basis for studying the genetics, cytology, biochemistry, and trophic mode of this group. The evolution of the culture of plasmodia and myxamoebae was reviewed in the present paper, including crude culture, two-membered culture, and axenic culture. The species that have achieved axenic culture of plasmodia or myxamoebae and those that can complete their life cycle under axenic culture conditions were compiled. The methods of obtaining the axenic culture of plasmodia and myxamoebae and the criteria of judging the axenic culture were also summarized. This review lays a foundation for the research on the plasmodia and myxamoebae of Myxogastria.