荒漠草原土壤微生物特征研究进展

Research progress in soil microbial characteristics in desert steppes

摘要:

荒漠草原作为草原生态系统的重要组成部分，其面积约占草地总面积的8.1%。该生态系统具有独特的植物群落种类组成、结构类型与生态功能，使其成为全球最具特殊性与挑战性的生态环境之一。荒漠草原不仅拥有多样的自然地理背景和生态功能，还在全球气候变化响应与生物多样性保护方面具有重要地位。土壤微生物作为驱动土壤养分循环、有机质分解和土壤结构形成的关键生物组分，在维持生态系统功能中发挥着重要作用。尤其在荒漠草原这一极端环境中，土壤微生物如何适应严酷生境并维持其生态功能，已成为当前值得深入研究的科学问题。本文系统介绍了荒漠草原土壤微生物的群落组成特征，并综合评述其对全球气候变化关键因子(包括温度与降水变化、氮沉降、二氧化碳浓度升高)以及非生物胁迫因子(如干旱、盐碱和重金属胁迫)的响应机制。通过系统梳理相关研究进展，旨在深化对荒漠草原土壤微生物生态功能与适应策略的理解，为该脆弱生态系统的保护与可持续管理提供科学依据。

Abstract:

As an important part of the grassland ecosystem, desert steppes account for about 8.1% of the total grassland area. They represent the most special and challenging ecological environments due to the unique plant community composition, structural types, and ecological functions. Desert steppes not only have a variety of natural geographical backgrounds and ecological functions, but also play an important role in global climate change responses and biodiversity conservation. As a key biological component driving soil nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and soil structure formation, soil microorganisms play an essential role in maintaining ecosystem functions. The ways of soil microorganisms adapting to harsh habitats and maintaining their ecological functions have become a scientific issue worthy of further study, especially in desert steppes. This paper systematically introduces the characteristics of soil microbial community composition in desert steppes and comprehensively reviews its response mechanisms to key factors of global climate change (temperature and precipitation changes, nitrogen deposition, and elevated carbon dioxide concentration) and abiotic stress factors (drought, saline-alkali stress, and heavy metal stress). Through this review, we aim to understand the ecological functions and adaptation strategies of soil microorganisms in desert steppes and provide a scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of such fragile ecosystems.