黑木耳多糖分离纯化及生物活性研究进展

Research progress in isolation, purification, and biological activities of Auricularia heimuer polysaccharides

摘要:

黑木耳是我国重要的食药用真菌，其富含的多糖物质具有显著的生物活性。本文综述了黑木耳多糖提取与纯化技术，重点关注提升多糖纯度和生物活性的新型方法。同时，深入探讨了多糖结构的精细解析技术及其复杂结构与生物活性之间的关联性，为多糖功能机制的深入理解提供了新视角。此外，本文还分析了黑木耳多糖抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤等生物活性研究进展，提出了基于多糖特性的新应用策略。最后，本文不仅指出了当前研究中的空白与挑战，更提出了未来值得重视的研究方向，包括多糖改性、纳米技术应用及多糖与其他生物活性物质(膳食纤维、蛋白质和维生素等)的协同作用等，为黑木耳多糖在大健康产业中的开发与利用提供了一定的理论参考。

Abstract:

Auricularia heimuer is an important edible and medicinal fungus, and its polysaccharides have significant biological activities. This paper introduces the extraction and purification techniques of A. heimuer polysaccharides (AHP), especially focusing on new methods for improving the purity and biological activities of AHP. Then, this paper expounds the fine structure analysis technologies and the correlations between the complex structure and biological activities of AHP, which gives new insights into the understanding of the functional mechanisms of AHP. In addition, this paper reviews the research progress in the biological activities (including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-tumor activities) of AHP and proposes a new application strategy based on the characteristics of AHP. Finally, we point out the gaps and challenges in the current research on AHP, and put forward the future research directions, including polysaccharide modification, nanotechnology application, and the synergistic effects between AHP and other bioactive substances (such as dietary fiber, proteins, and vitamins), aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the development and utilization of AHP in the big health industry.