耐酸细菌在酸性土壤改良中的功能机制与应用前景

Functional mechanisms and application prospects of acid-tolerant bacteria in ameliorating acidic soils

摘要:

我国土壤呈现出的酸化趋势，对农作物生长、产量、品质及生态多样性产生了显著影响。相较于传统的理化改良方法，微生物改良因其成本低廉、环境友好等优势，成为近年来研究热点。耐酸细菌作为一种能够在酸性环境中生存的微生物，能够通过多种机制改良土壤，并展现出巨大的应用潜力。然而，目前针对耐酸细菌改良酸性土壤功能机制的系统性综述仍较为匮乏。因此，本文在分析土壤酸化成因及其危害的基础上，系统阐述了细菌的耐酸机制及其改善酸性土壤的作用机理，综述了耐酸细菌在农业生产中的应用方式，为其在农业酸性土壤中的推广应用提供了理论依据和实践指导。

Abstract:

Soil acidification is prevalent in China, significantly affecting crop growth, yield, quality, and ecological diversity. Compared with traditional physical and chemical methods of soil amelioration, microbial approaches have gained prominence in recent years due to their cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. Acid-tolerant bacteria, as microorganisms capable of thriving in acidic environments, have shown immense potential in soil improvement through various mechanisms. However, systematic reviews on the functional mechanisms of acid-tolerant bacteria in ameliorating acidic soils are currently lacking. Thus, this paper, based on an analysis of the causes and consequences of soil acidification, elaborates on the acid tolerance and acidic soil improvement mechanisms of acid-tolerant bacteria, and summarizes the current applications of acid-tolerant bacteria in agricultural production, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for advancing the application of acid-tolerant bacteria in acidic soils.