海洋环境中卤代有机化合物的厌氧微生物还原脱卤研究进展

Advances in reductive dehalogenation of halogenated organic compounds by anaerobic microorganisms in the marine environment

摘要:

卤代有机化合物(halogenated organic compounds, HOCs)因其潜在的毒性、环境持久性及生物富集性而备受关注。海洋环境是HOCs重要汇集地，不仅累积了大量人工合成的HOCs，还包含多种天然产生的HOCs。微生物驱动的厌氧还原脱卤过程是HOCs污染治理的重要方法，其中有机卤化物呼吸细菌(organohalide-respiring bacteria, OHRB)在HOCs的生物修复和地球化学循环过程中发挥着核心作用。本文概述了海洋环境中HOCs的来源、分布、微生物厌氧还原脱卤机制，以及已分离的OHRB和还原脱卤酶的研究进展，旨在为海洋环境中HOCs的生物修复提供参考，并为厘清海洋环境中卤素的生物地球化学循环过程提供理论基础。此外，本文还探讨了海洋和陆地脱卤菌的特性差异及其潜在联系，以阐明它们在不同生态系统中的环境适应性及其进化起源。

Abstract:

Halogenated organic compounds (HOCs) have gained increasing attention due to their potential toxicity, environmental persistence, and bioconcentration. The marine environment is a major source and sink of HOCs, not only accumulating large amounts of anthropogenic HOCs but also containing a wide range of naturally produced HOCs. Microbial reductive dehalogenation is a key strategy for the remediation of HOCs pollution, in which organohalide-respiring bacteria (OHRB) play a pivotal role in the bioremediation and geochemical cycling of HOCs. This article provides an overview of the sources and distribution of HOCs in the marine environment as well as the mechanisms of reductive dehalogenation by anaerobic microorganisms. It systematically reviews the research progress in reductive dehalogenating bacteria that have been isolated from the marine environment and the reductive dehalogenases, aiming to provide a reference for the bioremediation of HOCs in the marine environment and lay a theoretical foundation for clarifying the biogeochemical cycle of halogens in the marine environment. Additionally, this article explores the differences in the properties of marine and terrestrial dehalogenating bacteria and their potential connections, which are important for elucidating their evolution and environmental adaptation in different ecosystems.