电-氢-糖循环的新能源体系研究进展

Advances in a new energy system based on electricity-hydrogen-carbohydrate cycle

摘要:

发展绿色低碳的可再生能源体系已经成为重要的国际共识和方向，也是我国践行“双碳”目标、保障能源安全、走社会可持续发展的必要路径。本文聚焦电-氢-糖(electricity-hydrogen-carbohydrate, EHC)循环的新能源理论体系，重点综述了中国科学院天津工业生物技术研究所10余年来在基于体外多酶催化系统(in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem, ivSEB)的糖与水反应制氢、糖完全氧化产电，以及氢或电能固定CO₂到糖的生物转化方面所做的工作，阐述体外多酶催化系统的设计原则、分子基础，并从电-氢-糖循环进一步延伸出以糖(淀粉)为核心的体外合成生物制造，结合最新相关研究进展，分析讨论体外多酶催化体系的特色和优缺点，并展望未来发展方向，促进经济和社会的绿色低碳可持续发展。

关键词:电-氢-糖循环;新能源体系;体外多酶催化系统;糖水制氢;生物制氢;糖产电;酶燃料电池;人工电子传递链;CO₂产淀粉

Abstract:

The development of green and low-carbon renewable energy systems has become an important international consensus. It is also an essential path for China to implement the dual-carbon strategy, ensure national energy security, and achieve sustainable development. This review introduces the theory of a new energy system based on electricity-hydrogen-carbohydrate (EHC) cycle, and highlights the biotransformations of carbohydrate/water-to-hydrogen, carbohydrate-to-electricity, and CO₂-to-carbohydrate powered by hydrogen- or electric-energy based on the in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystems (ivSEB) developed by Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in the past decade. We elaborate the design principle and the molecular basis of ivSEB, and further expand from the EHC cycle to in vitro biomanufacturing with starch as the feedstock. Combined with the latest research advances, we analyze and discuss advantages and disadvantages of ivSEB, prospect future directions, so as to promote the green, low-carbon and sustainable development of economy and society.

Key words:electricity-hydrogen-carbohydrate cycle;new energy system;in vitro synthetic enzymatic biosystem;carbohydrate/water-to-hydrogen;biological hydrogen production;carbohydrate-to-electricity;enzymatic fuel cell;artificial electron transfer chain;CO₂-to-starch