小麦茎基腐病发生及抗性机制研究进展

Research progress in the occurrence and resistance mechanisms of Fusarium crown rot in wheat

摘要:

小麦茎基腐病是由假禾谷镰刀菌等镰刀菌属真菌侵染引起的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)病害，病原菌可合成脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)等真菌毒素，对小麦产量和品质造成威胁。近年来，小麦茎基腐病在我国北方麦区的发生范围和程度呈现持续上升的趋势，本文综述了小麦茎基腐病的流行特点以及病原菌致病机理及抗性机制，提出抗性品种选育结合监测预警进行综合防控。综合防控可有效减少产量损失，降低毒素污染，推动绿色生产。未来应加强病原菌与小麦植株间的互作机制研究，培育广谱抗病品种，研发绿色高效防控产品，建立“早期预防-病原监测-病后防治”技术体系，从而减少对单一化学药剂的依赖，保持土壤真菌多样性。对假禾谷镰刀菌侵染小麦机理进行解析，可为其他病原菌跨界侵染提供早期预防，以保障小麦安全生产与粮食安全。

Abstract:

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), primarily caused by fungal pathogens such as Fusarium pseudograminearum, poses a serious threat to wheat production and grain quality due to the synthesis of mycotoxins including deoxynivalenol (DON). In recent years, the incidence and severity of FCR have kept growing in the northern wheat-growing regions of China. This review summarizes the epidemiological characteristics of FCR, elucidates the pathogenic mechanisms of the pathogen and host resistance responses, and proposes an integrated management strategy combining resistant cultivar breeding with monitoring and early warning systems. Such integrated approaches can effectively reduce yield losses and toxin contamination, promoting sustainable wheat production. Future efforts should focus on investigating the interaction mechanisms between the pathogen and wheat plants, developing broad-spectrum resistant cultivars, designing green and efficient control products, and establishing a technical system of early prevention-pathogen monitoring-post-infection management to ensure safe wheat production and enhance food security.