小麦抗纹枯病分子基础研究进展

Advance in studies on the molecular basis for wheat resistance to sharp eyespot

摘要:

小麦是我国重要的粮食作物之一。小麦纹枯病是由禾谷丝核菌侵染引起的一种极具破坏性的病害，严重影响小麦的产量和品质，培育和推广抗病品种是防治纹枯病最经济有效的途径。小麦纹枯病抗性是多基因控制的数量性状，本文概述了小麦纹枯病抗性的遗传研究进展，介绍了小麦抗纹枯病种质资源鉴定情况，总结了已报道的51个抗病数量性状位点(quantitative trait locus, QTL)，其中表型变异贡献率超过10%的有33个；另外还详细阐述了小麦抗纹枯病相关基因的研究进展，对转录因子、蛋白激酶、代谢关键酶、表观修饰酶、抗菌肽等不同类型编码基因的抗病机制进行了梳理；同时对禾谷丝核菌基因组解析及其与小麦的互作机制等方面的研究进展进行了总结，为小麦抗纹枯病遗传改良和抗病品种培育提供了理论指导。

Abstract:

Wheat is one of the important food crops in China. Wheat sharp eyespot, caused by the infection of Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease that seriously affects the yield and quality of wheat. Cultivating and popularizing disease-resistant varieties represents the most cost-effective and efficient approach for controlling wheat sharp eyespot. The resistance to wheat sharp eyespot is a quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes. This paper comprehensively reviews the advancements in genetic research on wheat resistance to sharp eyespot. It details the identification of wheat germplasm resources with resistance to sharp eyespot. A total of 51 reported disease-resistant QTLs are summarized, among which 33 exhibit a contribution rate exceeding 10% to phenotypic variation. Furthermore, this paper meticulously expounds on the research progress in the genes associated with wheat resistance to sharp eyespot and systematically analyzes the resistance mechanisms of various types of genes encoding transcription factors, protein kinases, key metabolic enzymes, epigenetic modification enzymes, and antimicrobial peptides. Finally, this paper sums up the research achievements in aspects such as the genome sequencing of R. cerealis and the interaction mechanism between R. cerealis and wheat. This review aspires to provide theoretical guidance for the genetic improvement of wheat resistance to sharp eyespot and the breeding of resistant varieties.