碳酸酐酶生物矿化固定CO2研究及应用进展

Progress in the study and application of carbonic anhydrase-mediated biomineralisation for CO2 sequestration

摘要:

为应对气候变化，全球开始推动绿色低碳转型。碳酸酐酶(carbonic anhydrase, CA)能高效催化CO₂可逆水合反应，并且能在各种金属离子(如Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺)的参与下形成碳酸盐沉积物，生成的碳酸盐沉积物性质稳定，不会再次释放CO₂，并且还能作为胶凝材料应用于裂缝修复、土体加固等领域。因此，利用CA将CO₂转化成碳酸盐是一种很有前景的CO₂封存方法。本文针对CA的种类、催化机理、CA将CO₂矿化成CaCO₃、CA的固定化以及CA介导的生物矿化在裂缝修复、砂土加固等土木工程领域的应用进行了综述，并对如何开发高活性高稳定性的CA以及CA介导的生物矿化在土木工程领域应用的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:

In response to climate change, the world has begun to promote a green and low-carbon transition, with the goals of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) can efficiently catalyse the reversible hydration of CO₂ and form carbonate deposits with the participation of metal ions (e.g., Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺). The generated carbonate deposits are stable and do not emit CO₂ again in the nature, and thus be used as cementitious materials in crack repair and soil reinforcement. Therefore, using CAs to convert CO₂ into carbonate is a promising method for CO₂ sequestration. This paper provides an overview of the types and catalytic mechanisms of CAs, mineralisation of CO₂ into CaCO₃ by CAs, immobilisation of CAs, and CA-mediated biomineralisation in civil engineering applications such as crack repair and sandy soil reinforcement. Furthermore, we make an outlook on the ways for developing highly active and stable CAs and the development trend of the application of CA-mediated biomineralisation in the field of civil engineering.