神经毒剂酶降解的研究进展

Research progress in enzymatic degradation of nerve agents

摘要:

神经毒剂是迄今为止发现的毒性最强的化合物之一，绿色高效降解一直是神经毒剂洗消技术研究中的难点和热点之一。相比于化学焚烧和物理吸附，酶催化具有特异性高、反应条件温和等优势，在环境净化和医疗救治领域展现出巨大潜力。磷酸三酯酶(phosphotriesterase, PTE)具有广泛的底物适应性，是目前已知的唯一能够降解维埃克斯(venomous agent X, VX)神经毒剂的酶，为神经毒剂的生物降解提供了重要的潜在途径。本文全面梳理了神经毒剂性质和磷酸三酯酶结构，详细阐述了理论计算和酶工程技术在神经毒剂降解中的研究进展，展望了神经毒剂酶降解的应用前景，提出了未来研究的方向和挑战，可为设计和开发更高效的降解酶体系提供理论基础和实践指导，推动神经毒剂绿色降解技术进一步发展。

Abstract:

Nerve agents are among the most toxic compounds ever discovered, and the efficient and environmentally friendly degradation of nerve agents remains a challenge and a hot topic in the research on decontamination technology. Compared with chemical incineration and physical adsorption, enzyme catalysis shows great potential in environmental purification and medical treatment due to its high specificity and mild reaction conditions. Phosphotriesterase (PTE) exhibits a wide range of substrate adaptability and is the only enzyme known to degrade VX, providing an important potential approach for the biodegradation of nerve agents. This article comprehensively reviewed the properties of nerve agents and the three-dimensional structure of PTE, elaborated on the research progress in the theoretical calculation and enzyme engineering in the degradation of nerve agents, looked forward to the application prospect of enzymatic degradation of nerve agents, and proposed the future research directions and challenges. The review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for designing and developing more efficient enzyme systems for nerve agent degradation, ultimately advancing green degradation technologies for nerve agents.