微生物抗汞的分子机制及其在汞污染土壤修复中的应用前景

Molecular mechanisms of microbial mercury resistance and their prospective applications in remediation of mercury-contaminated soils

摘要:

汞污染土壤对环境和人类健康构成了重大威胁。抗汞微生物具备在无机汞和有机汞胁迫条件下存活的能力，并能有效减少汞的含量和毒性。相比传统的物理和化学修复方法，微生物修复技术因其成本低、效果显著且对环境影响较小，近年来备受关注。本文系统阐述了微生物抗汞的分子机制，重点探讨了其在与植物互作联合修复汞污染土壤中的应用潜力，并揭示了微生物在促进转基因植物修复汞污染中的关键作用，为汞污染土壤的生物修复提供了理论基础和科学依据。

Abstract:

Mercury (Hg)-contaminated soil poses a significant threat to the environment and human health. Hg-resistant microorganisms have the ability to survive under the stress of inorganic and organic Hg and effectively reduce Hg levels and toxicity. Compared to physical and chemical remediation methods, microbial remediation technologies have garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their lower cost, remarkable efficacy, and minimal environmental impact. This paper systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms of Hg resistance in microbes, with a focus on their potential applications in phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soils through plant-microbe interactions. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of microbes in enhancing the effectiveness of transgenic plants for Hg remediation, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and scientific basis for the bioremediation of Hg-contaminated soils.