生物制造中核酸元件的智能设计

Intelligent design of nucleic acid elements in biomanufacturing

摘要:

核酸元件是重要的功能性核酸序列，在生物制造中通过基因表达调控、代谢途径优化和基因编辑等方面来影响目标产物的合成，因此核酸元件的设计和优化对细胞工厂的构建有重要作用。通过人工智能技术可以准确有效地预测功能性核酸元件，设计和优化功能稳定的元件序列，同时解析其作用机制，为生物制造提供强大的技术支持。近年来，人工智能技术在生物制造中通过设计启动子、核糖体结合位点和终止子等核酸元件及其组合，可以大幅度减少实验工作量，加快生物制造进程。但是由于生物系统的复杂性和高质量训练数据不足等问题，导致核酸元件的智能设计在生物制造中的应用较为单一。本文综述了应用于生物制造的各种DNA和RNA核酸元件，基于人工智能算法构建的核酸元件预测和设计工具及人工智能技术在生物制造中的应用案例。未来通过整合人工智能技术、合成生物学和高通量技术等，有望开发更高效准确的核酸元件设计方法，加速其在生物制造中的应用。

Abstract:

Nucleic acid elements are essential functional sequences that play critical roles in regulating gene expression, optimizing pathways, and enabling gene editing to enhance the production of target products in biomanufacturing. Therefore, the design and optimization of these elements are crucial in constructing efficient cell factories. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides robust support for biomanufacturing by accurately predicting functional nucleic acid elements, designing and optimizing sequences with quantified functions, and elucidating the operating mechanisms of these elements. In recent years, AI has significantly accelerated the progress in biomanufacturing by reducing experimental workloads through the design and optimization of promoters, ribosome-binding sites, terminators, and their combinations. Despite these advancements, the application of AI in biomanufacturing remains limited due to the complexity of biological systems and the lack of highly quantified training data. This review summarizes the various nucleic acid elements utilized in biomanufacturing, the tools developed for predicting and designing these elements based on AI algorithms, and the case studies showcasing the applications of AI in biomanufacturing. By integrating AI with synthetic biology and high-throughput techniques, we anticipate the development of more efficient tools for designing nucleic acid elements and accelerating the application of AI in biomanufacturing.