高粱CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑研究进展与展望

Research progress and prospects in CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in sorghum

摘要:

作为我国重要的粮食和经济作物，高粱的推广应用长期受到品种资源匮乏的限制。遗传背景狭窄、育种技术落后等问题，严重制约了高粱新品种的创制和推广。尽管基因编辑技术自问世以来已在作物遗传改良中展现出巨大潜力，但在高粱中的应用仍相对滞后。本文系统综述了CRISPR-Cas9技术在高粱研究中的最新突破，重点围绕逆境胁迫、生长发育和品质三大核心方向，探讨了该技术在拓展遗传多样性、改良抗逆性状、优化株型结构与产量潜力以及改善品质特性等方面的创新应用。同时，分析了高粱基因编辑研究面临的主要技术瓶颈，包括遗传转化效率低下、编辑工具适配性不足等关键问题。最后，对新一代基因编辑技术在高粱遗传改良中的应用前景进行了展望。本文为高粱分子育种提供了重要理论参考，对保障我国粮食安全与提升高粱产业竞争力具有重要现实意义。

Abstract:

Sorghum is an important grain and cash crop in China, and the promotion and application of this crop have long been constrained by a shortage of genetic resources. Issues such as narrow genetic background and outdated breeding techniques have severely hindered the development and dissemination of new sorghum varieties. Although gene editing has demonstrated significant potential in the genetic improvement of crops since its inception, the application of this technology in sorghum remains lagging. This paper provides a systematic review of the latest breakthroughs in CRISPR-Cas9 in sorghum. Focusing on abiotic stress, growth and development, and quality, we explore the innovative applications of this technology in expanding genetic diversity, improving stress tolerance, optimizing plant architecture and yield potential, and enhancing quality characteristics. Additionally, we analyze the main technical challenges including low genetic transformation efficiency and insufficient adaptability of editing tools facing the gene editing in sorghum. Finally, we make an outlook on the future prospects of next-generation gene editing technologies in the genetic improvement of sorghum. This paper can provide important theoretical references for sorghum molecular breeding, and hold significant practical significance for safeguarding China’s food security and enhancing the competitiveness of the sorghum industry.