Progress in the mechanism of microbiota promoting the development and progression of urothelial carcinoma of bladder

Abstract:

Urothelial carcinoma of bladder (UCB) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary system and a common pathological type of bladder cancer (BC). With high morbidity, high mortality, and easy recurrence, UCB poses a serious threat to human health. The occurrence of UCB may be associated with smoking and exposure to toxic chemicals. With the deepening of research, researchers have discovered unique microbiota related to the occurrence and development of UCB in the bladder. This review focuses on the involvement of microbiota in the occurrence and development of UCB through urinary tract infection (UTI), affecting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and up-regulating the expression of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1). At the same time, this paper introduces the microbiota characteristics of healthy people and UCB patients as well as the prevention and treatment of UCB. By reviewing the relationship between microbiota and UCB, this paper provides new ideas for further clarifying the promoting effect of microbiota on UCB and developing drugs for treating UCB.