Advances in the regulatory effects of ubiquitination on RLRs signaling pathways

Abstract:

Retinoid acid-inducible gene-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathways, the immune signaling pathways in response to infections, play a regulatory role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and type I interferons. Ubiquitination as one of the post-translational modifications refers to the process of ubiquitin binding to different amino acid sites on the target proteins, which regulates the fates of proteins. For example, it initiates the proteasome pathway to degrade the target protein or activating the protein transport. The ubiquitination of RLR signaling pathways is a way of regulating multiple effectors and one of the classical pathways through which viruses induce major diseases in animals, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation. This paper introduces the typical structural features and the ubiquitination types of key effectors in the RLR signaling pathways. Furthermore, it expounds the roles of ubiquitination in the regulation of key molecules in the RLR signaling pathways, aiming to provide a reference for the intervention or treatment of related diseases.