Broad-spectrum neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and pan-beta-coronaviruses

Abstract:

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) threatens human health and disturbs the social order. The development of vaccines, oral drugs, and antibodies against COVID-19 has played a positive role in controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections, reducing the disease severity and death risk. However, due to the large number of infected people and the rapid mutations of the virus, numerous variants that can evade the vaccines and neutralizing antibodies emerged and significantly weakened the protective effects of the vaccines and antibodies. Developing broad-spectrum neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 or even pan-beta-coronaviruses is of great importance for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 variants and other highly pathogenic beta-coronaviruses. This article systematically reviews the strategies for the screening and preparation, mechanisms of action, neutralization effects, and broad-spectrum properties of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and discusses the current challenges and future research directions, aiming to provide a reference for the future research in this field.