Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase and its application

Abstract:

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are newly discovered copper ion-dependent oxidases, which play an important role in the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass. Therefore, LPMOs have been described as biomass deconstruction boosters. LPMOs bind to specific substrates, and their catalytic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Although there are many studies involving LPMOs, few of LPMOs have been applied to industrial biomass conversion, which poses challenges for their expression, regulation, and application. We comprehensively review the recent advances in LPMOs from the aspects of discovery and classification, catalytic mechanism, and relationship between structure and function. Further, we systematically summarize the activity determination and recombinant expression methods of LPMOs. Finally, we introduce the applications of LPMOs in different fields and put forward the future research directions. This review helps deepen the systematic understanding and promote the research and engineering of LPMOs, which will provide reference for the application of LPMOs.