Research progress in ammonium production from microbial dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite

Abstract:

The dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite to produce ammonium is an accessory pathway of nitrogen transformation, which provides a basis for the reuse of nitrogen in the ecosystem and has become a research hotspot in recent years. According to the available reports, the occurrence mechanism and intensity of ammonium production by dissimilatory reduction of different nitrogen sources are different, which determines the efficiency of microbial ammonium production. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the metabolic mechanism of dissimilatory reduction of different nitrogen sources. This paper introduces the species of microorganisms involved in the dissimilatory reduction of nitrate and nitrite and elaborates on the ammonium production pathways and mechanisms. Further, we analyzed the effects of single and mixed nitrogen sources on microbial ammonium production, summarized the advantages of ammonium production by actinomycetes compared with other microorganisms, and prospected the future research directions. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for the application of microbial dissimilatory nitrate and nitrite reduction to ammonium.