Regulation of fine-tuning translation selection mediated by synonymous codon usage for gene expression

Abstract:

In nature,most amino acids are encoded by more than one codon which is termed as synonymous codon.Along with the deep investigations,synonymous codon usage bias is considered as one important factor in gene replication,transcription,translation and modification.According to the biological functions of synonymous codon usage bias,the biased usage patterns have been verified in codon pair and codon co-occurrence as well.In gene expression,codon optimization can assist the gene of interest in enhancing its translational efficiency,which benefits the field of biological engineering in terms of protein expression.Moreover,synonymous codon usage pattern indirectly mediates biological processes related to transcription,chemical modification and translation in cells.The performances involved in the important life cycles mentioned above can be carried out by fine-tuning translation selection derived from synonymous codon usage bias.In this review,we tried to clarify how fine-tuning translation selection participated in gene expression and protein function via transcription,chemical modification and translation,and provide some new insights into optimal gene expression and the mechanism underlying the regulation of gene expression.