Immune evasion strategy of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its possible mechanisms

Abstract:

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that poses threats to food safety and human health around the world. It infects the host by directly injecting its effector proteins and mediates the exertion of virulence, and has evolved a perfect immune evasion strategy, causing diseases such as acute gastroenteritis, sepsis and necrotizing fasciitis. To promote the intracellular survival, V. parahaemolyticus invades epithelial cells and acidifies intracellular vesicles, and then it escapes into the cytoplasm before fusing with lysosomes and limits the production of reactive oxygen species. V. parahaemolyticus can induce autophagy and block caspase-1 activation mediated by the NLRC4 inflammasome. Besides, it can prevent the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways by inhibiting TAK1 kinase to interfere with the immune system and achieve immune escape using a variety of ways. This article systematically summarized the immune evasion strategy of V. parahaemolyticus, which was critical for understanding its pathogenic mechanism, and provided new insights and directions for its possible immune evasion mechanism.