The effects and functioning mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics on food allergy

Abstract:

The incidence of food allergy (FA) has been rising in the past two decades, which has seriously affected the life quality of patients. Immunological tolerance defect owing to low exposure to exogenous antigens in the early life stage is the main cause of FA. FA is closely related to multipartite interactions between host and microbiome. A healthy microbiome promotes the establishment of a mature immune system in the early life of the host and reduces the susceptibility to FA. Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics have been reported to alleviate the symptoms and reduce the incidence of FA by improving the microbiome and regulating body immunity, which is of great importance in the treatment of FA. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics on FA and the results from different studies. Furthermore, we discussed their efficacy and safety in the prevention or treatment of FA and prospected their application.