Porcine deltacoronavirus infection and its effects on host innate immunity

Abstract:

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is the only member of the Deltacoronavirus until now, which was found to infect mammals. PDCoV mainly infects porcine small intestine to induce severe atrophic enteritis by causing atrophy of villous epithelial cells in the small intestine, especially the jejunum and ileum. The severe clinical symptoms caused by PDCoV are mainly watery diarrhea, vomiting and death of newborn piglets, which brought out large economic losses in the pig industry. Since 2014, the detection rate of PDCoV single infection has a certain proportion in the global outbreak of porcine diarrhea disease. In addition, a high proportion was determined with other porcine coronaviruses co-infection. With the completion of full genome sequencing, successful isolation of PDCoV strains, as well as further research on the interaction with host have been gained more understanding about PDCoV. In this article, the prevalence of PDCoV, genetic diversity of genome structure, receptor of virus infection and the regulation mechanism of host innate immune response are reviewed, which based on the existing research literature and combined with our group progress. We hope that it will help the researchers to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of PDCoV.