Gut microbiota in diabetic patients and diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications

Abstract:

[Objective] To explore the possible role of intestinal bacteria in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular complications, we analyzed the difference of intestinal flora between T2DM patients, T2DM patients with cardiovascular complications and healthy volunteers, and the association of intestinal flora with blood glucose and blood lipid. [Methods] A total of 251 healthy controls, 160 diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications and 295 diabetic patients were collected. From each group 30, 30 and 40 subjects were randomly selected for blood biochemical index analysis and metagenome detection of intestinal flora. [Results] The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, insulin and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic cardiovascular complications group and T2DM group were significantly higher than the healthy control group (P<0.05). The α-diversity of intestinal microflora of diabetic patients and diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications was significantly decreased, and the intestinal microbial communities were unbalanced compared with that of the healthy controls. The majority of dominant bacteria in the healthy control group were from Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, whereas the majority of dominant bacteria in the diabetic cardiovascular complications group and the diabetic patients group were from Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes. Compared with the healthy controls, the proportion of Firmicutes was significantly decreased, and the proportions of Actinomycetes and Proteobacteria were significantly increased in the diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications and diabetic patients. At the species level, fasting blood glucose had a positive correlation with Lactobacillus mucosae, Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, and a negative correlation with Eubacterium ramulus, Roseburia inulinivorans, Roseburia hominis, Eubacterium eligens and Ruminococcus callidus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol had a positive correlation with Streptococcus cristatus and a negative correlation with Lactobacillus amylovorus, and total cholesterol had a positive correlation with Streptococcus sanguinis. [Conclusion] T2DM patients and T2DM patients with cardiovascular complications had obvious abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and intestinal flora imbalance. Intestinal flora disorder may play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes.