Toilet flushing related microorganism aerosol transmission

Abstract:

Potential relationships between toilet flushing or toilet plume-related microorganism aerosol and pathogenic microbe transmission have been widely concerned. Continuing studies or reports have been published from time to time. This review aimed to summarize toilet bio-aerosol related research and progress, to discuss the potential effect of toilet flushing, flush with lid open or closed and toilet surface on aerosol-related pathogenic microbe transmission, including virus, bacteria and parasites. Furthermore, this review also discussed the potential health risks that toilet-related microbial aerosol may have on human and made suggestions about public health protection and future research prospection.