Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate—a new second messenger in bacteria－A review

Abstract:

Abstract:Cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP)，a new second messenger found recently in bacteria，regulates various aspects of bacterial physiology，including cell growth，cell wall homeostasis and virulence．In addition to its functions in bacterial physiology，c-di-AMP represents a putative bacterial secondary signaling molecule sensed by eukaryotic host cells and triggers innate immunity．The level of c-di-AMP in bacteria is regulated by the activities of diadenylate cyclase (DAC) and phosphodiesterases (PDE)，the former harbors a DisA_N domain，and the latter a DHH or DHH/DHHA1 domain．This review gives an overview on metabolic pathway，regulatory mechanism，receptor proteins and biological function of c-di-AMP in bacteria，as well as its application and trends of development.