木质素的微生物解聚与高值转化

Microbial depolymerization and valorization of lignin

摘要:

木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生资源。我国每年产生约9亿吨农业秸秆，因得不到有效利用，不仅造成资源浪费，也产生了诸多严峻的环境问题。缺少木质素的高效降解和资源化利用技术是限制木质纤维素产业化的主要瓶颈之一。虽然木质素的降解与转化多年来一直都受到关注，但是由于木质素结构的复杂性及异质性，使其高效利用受限。近年来，微生物具有的“生物漏斗”式转化特性为木质素的高值转化和利用提供了新方向。本文就生物质利用研究以来，微生物在木质素解聚与转化方面的研究历程与最新进展进行了简要的回顾与总结，并初步讨论了目前木质素高值转化面临的机遇与挑战。

Abstract:

Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on the earth. There are about 900 million tons of agricultural straw produced annually in China. Most of them cannot be effectively used, and thus not only causes a waste of resources, but also causes many serious environmental problems. The recalcitrance of lignin is one of the main challenges restricting the industrialization of lignocellulose. Although the degradation and transformation of lignin have been studied for many years, it is still challenged to commercially valorize the lignin because of its inherent heterogeneity. In recent years, the "biological funneling" transformation characteristics of microorganisms have been widely studied and will potentially provide a new direction for the valorization of lignin. This review mainly summarizes the research processes of microbial lignin depolymerization and transformation, and discusses the current opportunities and challenges of lignin biological valorization.