阿米巴-细菌互作：进化、生态与环境效应

Amoebas-bacteria interactions: evolution, ecology and environmental impacts

摘要:

阿米巴是原生动物的主要类群，是陆地和水生生态系统的关键组成部分。阿米巴与细菌之间有着密切而复杂的相互作用。一方面，阿米巴通过捕食直接影响细菌群落与多样性，增强细菌活性。另一方面，细菌也进化出抵抗捕食的机制来抵抗甚至感染阿米巴，反向影响阿米巴的生长和多样性。近年来，阿米巴-细菌互作的研究开始受到了广泛关注。本文总结了阿米巴-细菌互作的进化历史、生态关系（捕食、偏利共生、寄生和互利共生）以及其对环境的潜在影响，旨在更好地理解阿米巴-细菌互作这一研究领域，为其他原生动物-微生物之间的研究提供新的思路，也为探究宿主-微生物互作的机制提供参考。

Abstract:

Amoebas are important components of terrestrial ecosystems, and play a key role in soil nutrient cycling and energy flow. Amoebas have complex relationships with bacteria. On one hand, amoebas can directly affect the bacterial community and diversity through predation and enhance bacterial activity. On the other hand, bacteria have also evolved mechanisms to resist predation and even to infect amoebas, thus adversely affecting the growth and diversity of amoebas. In recent years, the interactions between amoebas and bacteria have attracted much attention. This paper summarizes the evolutionary history of amoebas-bacteria interactions, ecological relationships (predation, commensalism, parasitism, and mutualism) and their potential impacts on the environment. This review will improve our understanding about this research field and provide new ideas for the study of other protists-bacteria interactions, as well as exploring the mechanism of host-bacteria interactions in general.