不同营养方式对普通小球藻生长代谢及生化组分的影响

Effects of different trophic modes on growth characteristics，metabolism and cellular components of Chlorella vulgaris

摘要:

摘要:【目的】系统研究自养、混养和异养3种营养方式对真核模式微藻———普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长特性、细胞生化组分和碳代谢途径关键酶活性的影响。【方法】以C．vulgaris为研究对象，通过设置光合自养、混养和异养3 种营养方式，采用光谱学、色谱学方法，研究不同营养方式对C．vulgaris从生长特性、细胞组分合成和碳代谢等方面的影响。【结果】C．vulgaris依次经自养至混养和异养的培养方式转变中，藻细胞的可溶性糖和油脂含量显著提高，油脂中C16、C18不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量降低，而饱和脂肪酸的含量升高;蛋白质含量、光合色素含量显著下降，18种氨基酸的相对含量也呈下降趋势;葡萄糖的添加可抑制藻细胞吸收和积累除碳元素以外的其他测试元素。在添加葡萄糖的前提下，光照可促进藻细胞的生长量、不饱和脂肪酸和氨基酸，以及除碳元素以外的其他测试参数增加。对微藻胞外碳酸酐酶和核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸 羧化酶的活性分析结果表明，异养和混养直接影响C．vulgaris的碳代谢途径。【结论】光源和葡萄糖的供给与否直接影响C．vulgaris的生长代谢和生化组分合成，葡萄糖的添加在显著促进藻细胞生物量积累的同时，刺激碳素(糖类和油脂)生化成分的合成，而抑制氮素成分(蛋白质和光合色素)的合成;在光照条件下培养基质中葡萄糖的浓度和消耗水平直接决定藻细胞主营自养或异养生长。添加有机碳源葡萄糖的混养(光照)和异养(暗处理)培养可促进藻细胞的生长，异养和自养的生物量之和接近于混养，表明混养是最佳的藻细胞营养生长方式。

Abstract:

Abstract:［Objective］We studied the effects of trophic modes related to glucose and light (photoautotrophy，mixotrophy and heterotrophy) on growth，cellular components and carbon metabolic pathway of Chlorella vulgaris．［Methods］The parameters about growth of algal cells were investigated by using spectroscopy and chromatography techniques.［Results］When trophic mode changed from photoautotrophy to mixotrophy and to heterotrophy successively，the concentrations of soluble sugar，lipid and saturated C16/C18 fatty acids in C．vulgaris increased，whereas the concentrations of unsaturated C16，C18 fatty acids，proteins，photosynthetic pigments and 18 relative amino acids decreased． Light and glucose affect the growth，metabolism and the biochemical components biosynthesis of C．vulgaris．Addition of glucose can promote algal biomass accumulation，stimulate the synthesis of carbonaceous components，but inhibit nitrogenous components．Under illumination cultivation，concentration and consumption level of glucose decided the main trophic modes of C． vulgaris．［Conclusion］Mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultivation could promote the growth of algal cells．