基于文献计量学的黑土微生物研究现状及热点分析

Research status and hotspots of black soil microorganisms: a bibliometric perspective

摘要:

目的 黑土区是全球重要的粮食生产基地，其土壤健康状况直接影响世界粮食安全与生态稳定，对农业绿色发展和人类健康具有重要的战略意义。近年来，随着微生物组研究手段的快速迭代，土壤微生物在黑土可持续利用与健康培育中的关键作用日益受到重视，本研究旨在对黑土微生物的研究现状与发展趋势进行系统总结。方法 基于文献计量学方法，采用“bibliometrix” R包和VOSviewer软件对黑土微生物相关文献进行定量分析，并结合人工判读对Web of Science核心数据库2014-2024年黑土微生物相关文献的摘要内容进行分析。结果 黑土微生物研究在2021年后呈暴发式增长，中国、俄罗斯和美国发文量最多，主要发文机构为中国科学院、中国科学院大学、东北农业大学、黑龙江省农业科学院和中国农业科学院等，相关成果主要发表于Applied Soil Ecology、Soil Biology & Biochemistry和Eurasian Soil Science等期刊。当前黑土微生物研究集中在微生物网络、生物炭应用、根际微生态等领域，主要关注微生物在土壤肥力调控、环境修复、土壤改良、气候变化响应及耕作制度优化中的作用，以及微生物与土壤团聚体、土壤理化性质、酶活性等环境因子的相互作用，正逐步向深层机制解析方向发展。结论 近10年来，全球黑土微生物研究快速发展，当前聚焦于微生物在黑土培肥和可持续利用中的作用，未来应整合微生物组学及宏基因组、宏转录组、宏代谢组等前沿技术，多角度深入解析微生物群落的分布、功能及调控机制，从而为实现黑土资源的可持续利用与健康提升提供坚实的理论与技术支持。

Abstract:

Objective Black soil regions are globally critical for grain production, with their soil health directly impacting world food security and ecological stability. These regions hold significant strategic importance for sustainable agriculture and human health. In recent years, rapid advancements in microbiome research methodologies have highlighted the pivotal role of soil microorganisms in the sustainable utilization and health management of black soil.Methods To systematically summarize the research status and trends in black soil microorganisms, we employed “bibliometrix” R package and VOSviewer to conduct bibliometric analysis. We quantitatively analyzed the literature from the Web of Science core collection (2014-2024) and manually screened the abstracts.Results The results revealed a surge in the research on black soil microorganisms after 2021, with China, Russia, and the United States being the most prolific contributors. Leading institutions included the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Key findings were predominantly published in Applied Soil Ecology, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and Eurasian Soil Science. Current research focuses on microbial networks, biochar applications, and rhizosphere microecology, emphasizing the roles of microorganisms in soil fertility regulation, environmental remediation, soil improvement, climate change responses, and farming system optimization. Studies also explore interactions between microorganisms and environmental factors such as soil aggregates, physicochemical properties, and enzyme activities, with a growing shift toward mechanism insights.Conclusion Over the past decade, research on black soil microbiota has rapidly advanced, with current focus on the role of microorganisms in soil fertility enhancement and sustainable utilization. Future studies should integrate cutting-edge technologies such as microbiomics, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metabolomics to comprehensively analyze microbial community distribution, functionality, and regulatory mechanisms. Ultimately, this will provide a robust theoretical and technical foundation for the sustainable use and health enhancement of black soil resources.