代谢工程改造酵母生产琥珀酸的研究进展

Advances in metabolic engineering of yeast for succinic acid production

摘要:

琥珀酸是一种重要的四碳二羧酸，广泛应用于食品、医药和化工等行业。与传统基于石化原料的化学合成方法相比，微生物发酵法生产琥珀酸是一种更具经济性和环境友好性的替代方案，具有较大的应用潜力。酵母具有良好的环境耐受性，因此酵母细胞工厂生产琥珀酸逐渐成为研究热点。本文以酵母生产琥珀酸为出发点，综述了构建酵母细胞工厂生产琥珀酸的相关代谢工程与调控策略，包括琥珀酸合成路径构建、辅因子供应优化、跨膜转运改造等，总结了利用廉价原料进行琥珀酸生物合成的最新研究进展，探讨了增强酵母菌株抗逆性的方法，最后展望了酵母在琥珀酸生物合成中的未来发展前景。

Abstract:

Succinic acid is an important four-carbon dicarboxylic acid widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Compared with petrochemical-based chemical synthesis methods, microbial fermentation offers an economical and environmentally friendly alternative for succinic acid production, presenting significant potential for industrial applications. Due to the robust environmental tolerance, yeast cell factories for succinic acid production have gradually become a research focus. This review centers on succinic acid production in yeast, providing an overview of metabolic engineering and regulatory strategies for constructing yeast cell factories. The research hotspots in this field include the development of succinic acid biosynthetic pathways, optimization of cofactor supply, and modification of transmembrane transport systems. Additionally, recent advances in cost-effective succinic acid biosynthesis and approaches to enhance yeast strain robustness are discussed. Finally, the review provides the prospects of yeast in succinic acid biosynthesis.