生物法制备壳寡糖的研究进展

Recent advances in bioproduction of chitooligosaccharides

摘要:

壳寡糖(chitooligosaccharide, COS)是几丁质(chitin, CI)或壳聚糖(chitosan, CS)的降解产物。由于其生物相容性好、可降解、无毒且具有强生物活性，在食品、化妆品、复合材料、污水处理、生物制药等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。当前，国内外学者主要采用物理、化学、生物酶等方法制备COS。然而，物理和化学方法存在较大的局限性，难以高效且绿色地合成特定要求的目标产物。相比之下，生物酶法制备COS的反应过程温和、可控，且对环境更加友好，能够克服物理、化学法的缺点。借助膜分离法、凝胶过滤色谱法、CM-SephadexC-25离子交换柱法和固定化金属亲和层析法等先进的分离纯化手段，可以有效提升COS的纯度。本文综述了近年来利用生物酶法技术制备COS的研究进展，旨在为实现高质量COS的工业化制备奠定一定的理论基础。同时，对COS的结构、性能及应用等方面进行综述，为COS的制备与分离研究提供基础。

Abstract:

chitooligosaccharide (COS) are degradation products of chitin or chitosan, demonstrating good biocompatibility, degradability, non-toxicity, and multiple bioactivities. COS have been widely used in food, cosmetics, composite materials, wastewater treatment, and biomedical industries. Currently, researchers mainly use physical, chemical, and biological enzyme methods to prepare COS. Physical and chemical methods have large limitations, and it is difficult to synthesize the target products with specific requirements in an efficient and green way. Bio-enzymatic preparation of COS shows a mild, controllable, and environmental friendly reaction process, overcoming the drawbacks of physical and chemical methods. The purity of COS can be improved by separation and purification techniques such as membrane separation, gel filtration chromatography, CM-SephadexC-25 ion-exchange column chromatography, and immobilized metal affinity chromatography. This review summarized the research progress in COS preparation using bio-enzymatic technology, aiming to lay theoretical foundation for high-quality industrial COS preparation. It also gave an overview of the structure, properties, and application of COS, contributing for the research on COS preparation and isolation.