益生菌对人类乳头瘤病毒感染的治疗作用及其机制研究进展

Research progress in the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of probiotics in HPV infection

摘要:

人类乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)感染是全球重大的健康挑战，与宫颈癌等疾病密切相关。目前暂无有效的HPV治疗手段，因此需要开发新型的抗病毒生物制剂以减少HPV感染的危害。最近多项研究揭示了HPV感染与人体微生物组之间的复杂关系，提示HPV感染会破坏微生物组的平衡，导致菌群失调，继而引起机体免疫功能的障碍。近年来，研究发现口服或外用特定的益生菌菌株可降低患者HPV滴度、预防病毒感染相关癌症，是具有开发价值的新型抗HPV制剂。本文从HPV的分子生物学特征出发，系统阐述了HPV感染的致病机制，并从抑制病毒复制、免疫调控、增强黏膜屏障功能及重塑微生态4个角度总结现有抗HPV益生菌的作用机制，为抗HPV益生菌的高效选育及机制解析提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major global health challenge closely related to diseases such as cervical cancer. At present, there is no effective treatment for HPV, and thus it is essential to develop new antiviral biological agents to reduce the harm of HPV infection. Recent studies have revealed a complex relationship between HPV infection and the human microbiome, suggesting that HPV infection can disrupt the balance of the microbiome and cause immune dysfunction in the body. In recent years, studies have found that oral or topical use of specific probiotic strains can reduce HPV titers in patients and prevent viral infection-related cancers, demonstrating probiotics as a new class of anti-HPV preparations with a development value. From the molecular biological characteristics of HPV, this article systematically summarizes the pathogenic mechanism of HPV infection and explains the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics from four perspectives: inhibiting virus replication, regulating immune responses, enhancing the mucosal barrier function, and reshaping the human microbiome. This review aims to provide theoretical references for the efficient breeding and mechanism analysis of anti-HPV probiotics.